Discover the inspiring history of women in the military during Women’s History Month, including the remarkable story of Cathay Williams, the only documented female Buffalo Soldier, and the ongoing leadership of women veterans today.
Every March, the United States observes Women’s History Month, a time dedicated to recognizing the achievements, leadership, and resilience of women who have helped shape the nation. Among those honored are the countless women who have served in the United States Armed Forces—often overcoming barriers and redefining what leadership and service look like.
For organizations such as the Veterans Action Group of the Buffalo Soldiers of America, Women’s History Month is also a moment to recognize the unique and powerful contributions of women connected to the legacy of the Buffalo Soldiers.
A Historic Story of Courage: Cathay Williams
One of the most remarkable stories in military history is that of Cathay Williams. Born into slavery in 1844, Williams later became the only documented woman known to have served as a Buffalo Soldier.
In 1866, shortly after the Civil War, Williams enlisted in the U.S. Army under the pseudonym “William Cathay.” At a time when women were prohibited from serving as soldiers, she disguised herself as a man in order to join the military. Williams was assigned to the 38th U.S. Infantry Regiment, one of the units formed after the Civil War that would later become part of the Buffalo Soldiers.
Despite the demanding conditions of frontier military life, Williams served for nearly two years alongside her fellow soldiers. Her identity remained undiscovered until she became seriously ill with smallpox and required medical treatment. Only then did the Army learn that “William Cathay” was actually a woman.
Her story represents extraordinary courage, determination, and sacrifice. At a time when opportunities for both women and formerly enslaved people were extremely limited, Williams demonstrated remarkable resolve in her pursuit of service.
Women Breaking Barriers in Military Service
While Cathay Williams’ story is unique, it also symbolizes a broader history of women pushing past barriers in military service. For generations, women have contributed to the military as nurses, support personnel, intelligence specialists, pilots, engineers, and commanders.
Today, women serve across every branch of the armed forces and in nearly every military occupation. They lead combat units, fly fighter aircraft, command naval vessels, and direct complex operations around the world. Their presence has strengthened the military and expanded the definition of leadership within the armed forces.
Women Veterans Leading Beyond Service
Military service often becomes the foundation for a lifetime of leadership. Many women veterans continue serving their communities after leaving the military through careers in public service, education, healthcare, entrepreneurship, and advocacy.
Organizations like VASGA play an important role in honoring these women while supporting veterans who continue to make a difference in their communities. Women veterans bring invaluable experience in leadership, resilience, and teamwork—qualities that continue to inspire future generations.
Honoring Women Who Served and Those Who Will Serve
Women’s History Month is not only a time to reflect on the past but also to look forward. The stories of pioneers like Cathay Williams remind us that courage often begins with individuals willing to challenge expectations and open doors for others.
As we celebrate the contributions of women in the military, we also recognize the generations of women who continue to serve with dedication and honor. Their commitment strengthens our armed forces, enriches our communities, and ensures that the legacy of service—including the historic legacy of the Buffalo Soldiers—continues for years to come.